Preface: Recent Findings in Mercury Health Effects

The ICGMP provides a needed global forum for the exchange of innovative ideas, and it provides an opportunity to communicate research results to public policy makers, industry experts, and public representatives in order to promote the direct use of scientific and technical data to environmental protection and control. Intense interest in mercury is evident from the recommendations adopted by the European the location of the second largest mercury mine in the world—the Idrija mercury mine. Although the mercury mine was the basis of prosperity of the town of Idrija for five centuries, it also caused extensive contamination of the town and its surroundings, leading to high levels of mercury exposure of the miners and the other inhabitants. The mercury mine was closed in the mid-1980s to avoid further releases of mercury to the environment. Mercury research in Slovenia was initiated by the Jožef Stefan Institute in the early 1960s as a result of environmental and health concerns related to the operation of the mine. Initially, the main goal of the institute was to address the health status of the miners. Studies of the effects of mercury on the environment soon followed, and results have been published widely in the scientific literature. The 7th ICMGP consisted of more than 600 scientific presentations , with nearly 500 participants from more than 40 countries, and covered a wide range of topics including analytical chemistry, bio-Two studies in this mini-monograph address human exposure and outcomes related principally to elemental mercury vapors from past mercury mining operations (Kobal et al. 2006) and current high ambient exposures in China due to mercury mining, ore processing, coal combu-sion, and chloralkali plant operations (Chen et al. 2006) The other two studies address human exposure to methylmercury that occurred principally via fish consumption (Canual et al. 2006; Spurgeon 2006). Together, these articles provide a cross-section of the highly active area of environmental health research regarding exposure to inorganic and organic mercury and health outcomes. Results of the studies provide counter-intuitive insights into the complexities regarding exposure and health effects. For example, although exposure to extremely high levels of mercury in the 18th century hat-making industry led to the " mad as a hatter " syndrome, relatively long-term, considerably lower exposure in the mercury mining industry does not appear to be directly associated with untoward personality traits. Investigation of interactions in vivo between selenium and mercury pointed to likely protective …